Miss HolterÕs Sophomore English

Lesson Plans

 

Keep in mind that sometimes things change, and these plans may be modified.  If you have questions or concerns, please e-mail  Sheila.holter@lacenterschools.org

 

Date

Classroom Activities

Assignment Due Dates

May 7

Library research time – donÕt forget to find two print sources.

Notecard check – Ten note cards due.  Check for correct formatting.

 

May 8

Library research time.

May 9

Library research time

May 10

Library research timeTop of FormBottom of Form

May 11

Library research time – this is our last day in the library.

Make sure that you have all 20 of your note cards as well as all of your bibliography cards finished for class on Monday.

Note card check, 20 note cards, on Monday, May 14

 

 

Date

Classroom Activities

Assignment Due Dates

April 30

Library research time.

First notecard check will be Monday, May 7.  Ten notecards are due that day.

 

May 1

Library research time.

Check with Miss Holter to make sure formatting on note cards and bibliography cards is correct.

May 2

Library research time

May 3

Library research timeTop of FormBottom of Form

May 4

Library research time.

Note card check, 10 note cards, on Monday, May 7

 

 

Date

Classroom Activities

Assignment Due Dates

April 23

Free read Monday

 

April 24

Hand back poem think sheets and rough drafts.

Discuss how to improve and grading standards for poems.

Work on poem final drafts..

Optional : Make a second copy of your poem with illustration/decorations, etc. for extra credit.

Typed final draft of poem due Friday, April 27.

Optional extra credit also due Friday.

April 25

Introduction to the research project – requirements, topic selection, research questions and process.

Brainstorm a list of possible topics and create research questions for those topics.

Topic list and questions due Thursday, April 26

April 26

Hand out research booklets.

Notes on how to do bibliography and note cards.Top of FormBottom of Form

April 27

Turn in poem final drafts.

Conference with Ms. Holter on research topics and questions.

We will begin researching in the library on Monday.

 

 

Date

Classroom Activities

Assignment Due Dates

April 16

5th Grade Autobiography & Remembered

In your journal, spend five minutes free writing about a memorable experience

Read the poem Ò5th Grade AutobiographyÓ and answer questions 1 and 2.

List two examples of imagery and one example of personification from the poem.

Read the poem ÒRememberedÓ and answer questions 1 and 2.

List two examples of imagery and two examples of personification from the poem.

Write a theme statement for the poem ÒRememberedÓ

 

April 17

Read the short story ÒA Celebration of GrandfathersÓ

Complete a double entry journal while reading.

Answer questions 1, 3, 4, 5, and 8

April 18

Quiz ÒA Celebration of GrandfathersÓ

Notebook Check

Test Review Packet

Notebooks and test review packets are due Friday, April 20

April 19

Test Review PacketTop of FormBottom of Form

April 20

Turn in notebooks and test review packets.

Unit 3 test

 

 

Date

Classroom Activities

Assignment Due Dates

April 9

Read "Getting a Job" and complete double entry journal (5 entries).

Answer the following questions:

1. What important character traits does Marguerite possess that help her get the job? List three traits and provide examples to show these traits.

2. How does Marguerite's Mother help her? What does she learn from her mother?

 

April 10

"Getting a Job" quiz. Discussion of story and questions.

April 11

Read "The Teacher Who Changed My Life" on page 485. Complete a double entry journal (5 entries).

Complete the following:

1. Evaluate Miss Hurd as a teacher. (Do you think she is a good teacher?) Explain.

2. Find three examples of concrete detail from the story and three pieces of commentary. That means when you are finished you will have six different passages written down.

April 12

"The Teacher Who Changed My Life" Quiz and discussion.Top of FormBottom of Form

April 13

Free read Friday

 

 

Date

Classroom Activities

Assignment Due Dates

March 26

Organize all essay work, self evaluate, discuss the process, and turn in.

 

March 27

Scheduling

March 28

Read the story "Initiation" on page 399 and complete a double entry journal. You should have about 7 entries when you are finished.

March 29

"Initiation" quiz.

In your journal, evaluate Milllicent's final decision. Do you think she did the right thing? Why?

Answer question 7 on page 407. Discussion.

Literary term of the day: symbol. Define and identify one symbol from the story. What does that symbol mean?

March 30

Free read Friday – Happy Spring Break

 

 

Date

Classroom Activities

Assignment Due Dates

March 19

Begin watching ÒTo Kill A MockingbirdÓ

DonÕt forget essay second drafts are due on Wednesday.

 

March 20

Continue watching ÒTo Kill A MockingbirdÓ

March 21

Essay second drafts due.

Highlight for thesis, topic sentences, concrete detail and commentary.

March 22

Two hour late start for snow.

5th period – finish highlighting essays.  Hand out essay rubrics and self evaluate.

 

Essay final drafts due Monday, March 26

March 23

Early Release

2nd period – Essay peer editing.  Hand out essay rubrics and self evaluate.

 

 

Date

Classroom Activities

Assignment Due Dates

March 12

ÒTo Kill a MockingbirdÓ essay work day.

 

March 13

HSPE testing and late start for snow.

5th period – discussion of questions from ÒTo Kill a MockingbirdÓ final test: breaking down the prompt.

Essay rough draft due.

March 14

HSPE testing

2nd period – discussion of questions from ÒTo Kill a MockingbirdÓ final test: breaking down the prompt.

Essay rough draft due.

March 15

HSPE testing

5th period – essay work day.

Essay typed second draft due Wednesday, March 21.

March 16

Presentation and discussion from Mrs. Bound – history options and placement for next year.

ÒTo Kill A MockingbirdÓ essay work day.

Essay typed second draft due Wednesday, March 21.

 

 

Date

Classroom Activities

Assignment Due Dates

March 5

ÒTo Kill a MockingbirdÓ final test.

Turn in notebooks and quiz corrections

 

March 6

Late start for snow.

Discussion of English class options and placement for next year.

Notes – Persuasive writing and prompts for ÒTo Kill A MockingbirdÓ essay.

March 7

ÒTo Kill a MockingbirdÓ essay notes and prewriting.

March 8

ÒTo Kill A MockingbirdÓ finish prewriting.

Prewriting due at the beginning of class Friday, March 9

March 9

ÒTo Kill A MockingbirdÓ essay work day.

Individual conferences with Miss Holter over prewriting

2nd period rough draft due Wednesday, March 14.

5th period rough draft due Tuesday, March 13.

 

 

Date

Classroom Activities

Assignment Due Dates

February 27

ÒTo Kill a MockingbirdÓ chapters 28-31 review, quiz, and notes questions.

Notes questions due

Tuesday, February 28

February 28

ÒTo Kill A MockingbirdÓ Chapters 28-31 discussion of notes.

February 29

ÒTo Kill a MockingbirdÓ quiz corrections.  Use your notes and book to correct any

answers that are incorrect in your quizzes.

Also make sure that your notes are correctly labeled.

If you missed a day of notes, please copy them into your notebook.

2nd period ÒTo Kill A MockingbirdÓ notes

5th period ÒTo Kill A MockingbirdÓ notes

Quiz corrections

and notebooks

will be turned in Friday, March 2.

March 1

Late start for snow

No 2nd period class today.

5th period ÒTo Kill A MockingbirdÓ quiz corrections and test review.

We will move the test to Monday.

March 2

ÒTo Kill A MockingbirdÓ test review.

Quiz corrections

and notebooks

will be turned in Monday, March 5

 

 

Date

Classroom Activities

Assignment Due Dates

February 20

No School – Presidents Day

 

February 21

ÒTo Kill A MockingbirdÓ Chapters 20-22 review, quiz, notes and discussion. 

Hand out Vocabulary 4

Read Chapters 23-24 for

Wednesday, February 22.

Vocabulary 4 due 

Wednesday, February 22.

February 22

Turn in Vocabulary4.

ÒTo Kill a MockingbirdÓ Chapters 23 and 24 quiz.

Reading time – read chapters 25 through 27 for tomorrow.

February 23

2nd period -  ÒTo Kill A MockingbirdÓ chapters 25 through 27 review, quiz, notes and discussion.

No class for 5th period because of career fair.

Finish the novel by

Monday, February 27.

February 24

2nd  period – catch up on chapters 25-27 notes.

5th period - ÒTo Kill A MockingbirdÓ chapters 25 through 27 review, quiz, notes and discussion.

Finish the novel by

Monday, February 27.

 

 

Date

Classroom Activities

Assignment Due Dates

February 13

Hand back vocabulary 1 and 2.  Hand out vocabulary 3.

ÒTo Kill a MockingbirdÓ chapters 12 and 13 review, quiz, notes,

and discussion.

Read chapters 14 and 15 for Tuesday.

 Vocabulary 3 due Wednesday,

February 15.

February 14

ÒTo Kill a MockingbirdÓ chapters 14 and 15 review, quiz, notes, and discussion.

Read chapters 16 and 17, completing the reading worksheet that goes with

them.

Chapters 16 and 17

reading worksheet due

Wednesday, February 15.

February 15

Turn in Vocabulary 3.

ÒTo Kill a MockingbirdÓ Chapters 16 and 17 quiz.

Reading time – read chapters 18 and 19 for tomorrow.

February 16

Notes for ÒTo Kill A MockingbirdÓ chapters 16 and 17.

Chapters 18 and 19 review and quiz, and notes if time allows.

Read chapters 20 through 22 for

Tuesday, February 21.

February 17

Early release – No class for 2nd period.

5th period – catch up on chapters 18 and 19 notes.

 

 

 

Date

Classroom Activities

Assignment Due Dates

February 6

ÒTo Kill a MockingbirdÓ chapters 5 and 6 review, quiz, notes,

and discussion.

 

February 7

Finish chapter 5 & 6 notes.

Are you behind on your reading?  Catch up today!!

Chapters 7 & 8 read by

Wednesday, February 8

February 8

ÒTo Kill a MockingbirdÓ chapters 7 and 8 review, quiz,

notes and discussion.

Read chapters 9 and 10 for Thursday.

Chapters 9 & 10 read by

Thursday, February 2.

Vocabulary 1 due Friday,

February 3

February 9

ÒTo Kill a MockingbirdÓ chapter 11, read in class.

Notes questions for chapters 9-11, answer in your journal.

Chapters 9-11 notes due

Friday, February 10

February 10

ÒTo Kill a MockingbirdÓ chapters 9-11 review and quiz.

Discussion of notes questions.

Read chapters 12 & 13 for Monday.

Chapters 12 & 13 read by

Monday, February 13.

 

 

Date

Classroom Activities

Assignment Due Dates

January 30

Free Read Monday

 

January 21

Poetry writing – Think sheets and rough draft.

Think sheets and rough

drafts due Wednesday,

February 1

February 1

Turn in poem think sheets and rough drafts.

Introduction to ÒTo Kill a MockingbirdÓ

Hand out books and Vocabulary 1.

Chapter 1 out loud in class; read chapter 2 for homework.

Chapters 1 & 2 read by

Thursday, February 2.

Vocabulary 1 due Friday,

February 3

February 2

ÒTo Kill a MockingbirdÓ chapters 1 & 2 review, quiz, notes, and discussion.

Read chapters 3 & 4 for Friday.

Chapters 3 & 4 read by

Friday, February 3.

February 3

Vocabulary 1 due.

ÒTo Kill A MockingbirdÓ chapters 3 & 4 review, quiz, notes, and discussion.

Hand out Vocabulary 2.

Read chapters 5 and 6.

Vocabulary 2 due Tuesday,

February 7.

Chapters 5 & 6 read by

Monday, February 6.

 

 

Date

Classroom Activities

Assignment Due Dates

January 23

Sonnets – notes on structure and rhyme scheme.

Read ShakespeareÕs Sonnet 18.  In your notebook, put the poem in your own words.

Answer questions 1 and 2 on page 234.

Discussion

Read Edna St. Vincent MillayÕs Sonnet 30.  In your notebook, put the poem in your

own words.

Answer questions 2 and 4 on page 236.

 

January 24

Discuss Sonnet 30.

Read ShakespeareÕs sonnet ÒMy Mistress EyesÉÓ

Figure out what the sonnet is saying and in your notebook answer the following question:

Of the three sonnets, Sonnet 18, Sonnet 30, or My Mistress Eyes, which do you think

expresses the most love?  Use examples from the poems to support your opinion.

Hand out test review packet.

January 25

Test review and notebook check.

January 26

Turn in Unit 2 Notebook and test review.

Unit 2 test.

January 27

No school – end of semester teacher work day.

 

 

Date

Classroom Activities

Assignment Due Dates

January 16

No School – MLK Day

 

January 17

Snow day

January 18

Snow day

January 19

Discuss characterization quotes from ÒSweet Potato PieÓ

Read ÒSalvador, Late or EarlyÓ on page 250

January 20

Read ÒSimileÓ on page 256, list the comparison in the poem and

identify it as a simile or metaphor.  Answer questions 1 and 3.

Read ÒMoon RondeauÓ on page 257.  List 3 comparisons from

the poem and identify them as similes or metaphors.

Answer questions 3 on page 257.

Read ÒWomanÓ on page 258.  List 3 comparisons from the poem

and identify them as similes or metaphors.

Answer questions 3 and 6 on page 259

 

 

Date

Classroom Activities

Assignment Due Dates

January 9

Unit 2 – The Ties That Bind

Notes for poetry

Read ÒPianoÓ on page 229.  List words you donÕt know and summarize

the poem.  Share summaries with a partner.

Discuss the poem.

 

January 10

Turn in A Raisin in the Sun essays and all previous drafts.

For the poem ÒPianoÓ answer questions 3 and 4 on page 229 and list four images from the poem.

Read the poem ÒThose Winter SundaysÓ on page 230.  Summarize the poem , answer questions

3 and 5 on page 231, and list four images from the poem.

January 11

2nd period – Free read, no class for 5th period.

January 12

Literary Term: Flashback

Read the story ÒSweet Potato PieÓ on page 240.

Complete a double entry journal – 8 entries.

When you are finished reading, answer the Comprehension Check questions and questions

1, 2, and 5 on page 252.

Reading and questions due

Friday, January 13.

January 13

Quiz – ÒSweet Potato PieÓ

Discuss story and questions.

Characterization T-chart for Buddy and Charley – 3 passages fro each character,

2 from the flashback and 1 from the present.

 

 

Date

Classroom Activities

Assignment Due Dates

January 2

No School

 

January 3

Essay revision work time and type essay

Second draft, typed, due at the

beginning of class Thursday,

January 5.

January 4

Essay revision work time and type essay

January 5

Second draft due.

Partner peer editing and checklist.

Final draft due Tuesday, January 10

January 6

Final essay work day

Make sure checklist is finished and use the rubric to self evaluate

 

 

Date

Classroom Activities

Assignment Due Dates

December 12

A Raisin in the Sun – Essay outlines due.

Individual conferences with Miss Holter to check outlines.

Example introduction and first body paragraph.

Rough draft due Friday,

December 16.

December 13

Begin watching the movie version of A Raisin in the Sun

December 14

Continue watching A Raisin in the Sun

December 15

Finish watching A Raisin in the Sun

Essay work time

Rough draft due tomorrow

December 16

A Raisin in the Sun essay rough draft due.

Check introduction for all elements. 

Revision time.

Essay second draft due

Wednesday, January 4.

 

 

Date

Classroom Activities

Assignment Due Dates

December 5

A Raisin in the SunAct 3 Vocabulary

Begin reading act 3 of the play.

Sentences due Tuesday,

December 6.

December 6

Finish reading A Raisin in the Sun

Act 3 Questions

Questions due Wednesday,

December 7

December 7

Act 3 test review.

December 8

A Raisin in the Sun – Act 3 test.

Turn in Act 3 questions

 

December 9

A Raisin in the Sun essay assignment and pre-writing.

Essay outline due Monday,

December 12

 

 

Date

Classroom Activities

Assignment Due Dates

November 28

A Raisin in the Sun – read Act 2, Scenes 2 and 3

November 29

Discuss and finish Act 2, Scenes 2 and 3 of A Raisin in the Sun.

Answer Act 2 Questions

Questions due Wednesday,

November 30

November 30

Hand back Act 2 vocabulary and discuss.

Test review.

December 1

A Raisin in the Sun – Act 2 test.

 

December 2

Free read Friday

 

 

Date

Classroom Activities

Assignment Due Dates

November 21

Raisin in the Sun Act 2 Vocabulary

Link to Act 2 Vocabulary Worksheet

Vocabulary sentences due

Tuesday, November 22.

November 22

Read Act 2, Scene 1 of A Raisin in the Sun.

November 23

No School – Thanksgiving Break

November 24

No School – Thanksgiving Break

 

November 25

No School – Thanksgiving Break

 

 

Date

Classroom Activities

Assignment Due Dates

November 14

Correct and discuss vocabulary sentence mistakes.

November 15

Continue reading Act 1 of A Raisin in the Sun.

November 16

Finish Act 1 of A Raisin in the Sun.

Act 1 questions

Act 1 questions due

Thursday, November 17.

November 17

Raisin in the Sun Act 1 test review.

 

November 18

Raisin in the Sun Act 1 test.

 

 

Date

Classroom Activities

Assignment Due Dates

November 7

Poetry Analysis - Harlem

November 8

Act 1 Vocabulary definitions.

Vocabulary sentences due

beginning of class Wednesday,

November 9

November 9

Turn in Act 1 Vocabulary

Literary Term – Exposition

Begin reading Act 1, Scene 1 of A Raisin in the Sun

November 10

Raisin in the Sun Exposition quiz.

Free read

 

November 11

VeteranÕs Day – No School

 

 

Date

Classroom Activities

Assignment Due Dates

October 31

Correct test review packet.

Notebooks and Test

Review due Tuesday,

November 1

November 1

Turn in Notebooks and Test Review.

Unit 1 Test

November 2

Cause and Effect Writing Assignment Think Sheet

Rough Draft

Think sheet and rough

draft due at the beginning

of class Thursday, November 3

November 3

Free Read.  Finish rough drafts if necessary.

 

November 4

Trade rough drafts with a partner.

Highlight partnerÕs response for topic sentence, concrete detail,

and commentary.

Revise as necessary and write final draft.

Final draft due Tuesday,

November 8 with rough draft

and think sheet.

 

 

Date

Classroom Activities

Assignment Due Dates

October 24

ÒSearching for SummerÓ

Literary Terms – Imagery and juxtaposition

Read the story and complete a double entry journal, at least six entries

October 25

Review and Quiz for ÒSearching for SummerÓ

Free Read

October 26

Discussion – ÒSearching for SummerÓ

Character Motivation – Somebody Wanted But So chart

Imagery T-Chart – Mrs. HatchingÕs cottage, everywhere else

October 27

Notebook Check and test review packet

 

October 28

Test Review

 

 

 

Date

Classroom Activities

Assignment Due Dates

October 17

Quiz – ÒThere Will Come Soft RainsÓ

Discuss the story

In your journal write down three passages from the story that show

personification for the house and three passages that show personification for the fire

Write a theme statement for the story.

October 18

Literary term – cause and effect

Read the story ÒA Sound of ThunderÓ looking for examples of cause and effect

When you are done with the story you should be able to explain the two

different theories of time travel

Complete a double entry journal while reading – minimum of eight entries

October 19

Quiz – ÒA Sound of ThunderÓ

Free read

October 20

Label double entry journal with reading strategies – are you using one more

than the others?

Discuss story and themes for the story.

List three examples of cause and effect from the story.

Make a list of adjectives to describe Eckels.

Write a paragraph that characterizes Eckels.  Include title and author, a topic sentence,

three pieces of concrete detail (including at least one passage from the story),

commentary for each concrete detail, and a concluding sentence.

 

October 21

Highlight paragraph for topic sentence, concrete detail, and commentary.

Revise and write a final draft.

Free read

 

 

Date

Classroom Activities

Assignment Due Dates

October 10

Introduction to Unit 1 – ÒChallenges of ChangeÓ

Literary Terms – Theme and Characterization, define in your notebook

Read the story ÒHarrison BergeronÓ and complete a double entry journal

When you finish reading, write a theme statement for the story

and list four adjectives that describe Harrison.

October 11

Quiz – ÒHarrison BergeronÓ

Evaluate your double entry journal and label each entry for active reading

strategies

Free read time

October 12

Discussion – Harrison Bergeron, share journal entries, theme statements

and adjectives.

Find three passages from the story to support either your theme

statement or your list of adjectives.

Write the passages in your journal

October 13

Poem – ÒThere Will Come Soft Rains,Ó read together and analyze for

meaning

Identify and define words you donÕt know, find the shift in the poem

Literary Terms – Setting and Personification, define in you r notebook

Read the story ÒThere Will Come Soft RainsÓ (which includes the poem)

and complete a double entry journal.  Your first entry should be the title of

the story and a prediction.

 

October 14

No school – state inservice

 

 

Date

Classroom Activities

Assignment Due Dates

October 3

Library to type essays.

October 4

Library to type essays – due at the end of class today

October 5

Free read today

You need your spiral notebook for class tomorrow

October 6

Check out Literature text books

Notes – Active reading strategies and double entry journals.

Practice active reading together with the short story

ÒThe InterlopersÓ on page 8 in the literature text book.

 

October 7

Discuss ÒThe InterlopersÓ

Identify active reading strategies in your double entry journal

 

 

Date

Classroom Activities

Assignment Due Dates

September 26

Apply your knowledge of Ideas and Organization.

Evaluate sample papers for the traits of ideas and organization.

Discussion of sample papers and scores

Handout – transitions and introductions.

September 27

Notes – The elements that make up style: Word Choice, Sentence Fluency,

and Voice.

Word choice group activity.

September 28

10 minute free read.

Evaluate sample papers for ideas, organization, and one element of style.

September 29

 Look at one more example of a 6-trait rubric.

Free read today

 

September 30

Hand back writing pre-assessment, self assess for the 6-traits

Compare self-assessment to Miss HolterÕs assessment

Revise for the six traits – we will type new, revised drafts on Monday

and Tuesday in the library.

 

 

 

Date

Classroom Activities

Assignment Due Dates

September 19

Free read – 10 minutes

Review – Thesis, topic sentence, parts of an essay, concrete detail and commentary

T-Chart – Pick a favorite character, write a topic sentence for that character,

and then make a t-chart with concrete detail and commentary that supports your

topic sentence.

T-chart due Tuesday,

September 20

September 20

Paragraph – Turn your t-chart for a favorite character into a paragraph.

Paragraph due Wednesday,

September 21

September 21

Highlight paragraphs:

Green = Topic Sentence

Blue = Concrete Detail

Pink = Commentary

Yellow = Concluding sentence

Revise paragraph as necessary and write final draft. 

Final draft may be written in ink (skip lines) or typed, double-spaced

Free read book when finished

Final draft of paragraph

due Thursday, September 22

September 22

Turn in paragraph final drafts with t-chart and highlighted rough draft.

Hand back thesis practice and bubble diagrams – discuss areas to improve

Practice – Pre-writing strategies: outlines, lists, and columns

 

September 23

Free Read Friday

 

 

Date

Classroom Activities

Assignment Due Dates

September 12

Discuss worksheet and evaluations of ÒThere Is No News From AuschwitzÓ

Turn in worksheets.

Free read – 10 minutes

 

September 13

Notes – The trait of ideas

Practice showing vs. telling

Notes – Concrete detail and commentary

Free read – 10 minutes

 

September 14

Notes – The trait of organization and the pieces of an essay and paragraph.

Practice – Thesis statements and topic sentences.

Brainstorm a list of topics you could write about.  Choose three topics

and write a thesis statement for them.

Practice – Pre-writing strategies: bubble diagrams and webbing.

Homework – Finish your bubble diagram.

Bubble diagram due

Thursday, September

15.

September 15

Turn in thesis statements and bubble diagrams.

Group challenge – can you put together the pieces of an article?

Skunk article worksheet in your groups.

Discuss the articleÕs organization and review thesis statements and pre-writing.

 

September 16

2nd Period – Free read day, make sure you have your book.

5th Period – No class today, early release.

 

 

 

Date

Classroom Activities

Assignment Due Dates

September 5

No School – Labor Day

 

September 6

Library to check out a free read book.

Reading time.

 

September 7

Free read – 10 minutes.

Discussion - What makes good writing good?

 

September 8

Notes – 6 traits of effective writing

Read the essay ÒThere Is No News From AuschwitzÓ

In your notes – do you consider this good writing?

 

September 9

With a partner, discuss ÒThere Is No News From AuschwitzÓ

Write a one paragraph summary of the essay – discuss.

Complete worksheet for ÒThere Is No News From AuschwitzÓ

Worksheet due Monday,

September 12.

 

 

Date

Classroom Activities

Assignment Due Dates

 

 

 

 

 

 

August 31

Get acquainted Q & A with Miss Holter.

Freewrite – What do I need to know about you?

Policies and Expectation

Parent Letter

 

September 1

Writing pre-assessment – in class on demand

writing sample.

 

September 2

Writing pre-assessment – in class on demand

writing sample, due at end of class.